We have collected the most exciting new researches in the field of genetics and cellular research in the past week.
Exosomes in viral infection: Effects for pathogenesis and treatment strategies
Exosomes are small vesicles that carry molecules from one cell to another. They have many features that make them interesting for research, such as their stability, low immunogenicity, size of the nanoscale, toxicity, and selective delivery. Exosomes can also interact with viruses in diverse ways. Emerging research highlights the significant role of exosomes in viral infections, particularly in the context of diseases like COVID-19, HIV, HBV and HCV. Understanding the intricate interplay between exosomes and the human immune system holds great promise for the development of effective antiviral therapies. An important aspect is gaining clarity on how exosomes influence the immune system and enhance viral infectivity through their inherent characteristics. By leveraging the innate properties of exosomes, viruses exploit the machinery involved in exosome biogenesis to set replication, facilitate the spread of infection, and eliminate immune responses. They can either help or hinder viral infection by modulating the immune system. This review summarizes the recent findings on how exosomes mediate viral infection and how they can be used for diagnosis or therapy. This could lead to new clinical applications of exosomes in disease management.
Prospect of Exosome in Ligament Healing: A Systematical Review
Aim: The relationship between ligaments and bone is a complex and heterogeneous junction involving bone, mineralized fibro cartilage, non-mineralized fibro cartilage and ligaments. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) can be used in vivo to control inflammation and aid in tissue repair, according to studies. This review focused on using exosomes as an alternative to MSC, as a cell-free therapy for modulating the remodelling process.
Methods: To conduct a systematic review of the literature, the phrases “exosome” and “ligament” or “tendon” and “extracellular vesicle” and “stem cells” were used as the search keywords in PubMed (MEDLINE), OVID, the Cochrane Library, and Science Direct. From the literature, 73 studies in all were found. Six studies were included in this systematic review after full-text evaluation.
Results: Six included studies covered a range of MSC types, isolation techniques, animal models, and interventions. Biomechanical results consistently indicated the beneficial impact of conditioned media, vesicles, and exosomes on treating tendons and ligaments. Noteworthy findings were the reduction of inflammation by iMSC-IEVs, chondrocyte protection by iPSC-EVs (extracellular vesicles generated by inflammation-primed adipose-derived stem cells), osteolysis treatment using DPSC-sEVs (small extracellular vesicles derived from dental pulp stem cells), and the contribution of exosome-educated macrophages to ligament injury wound healing.
Conclusion: Exosomes may serve as a cell-free therapeutic substitute for modulating the remodelling process, particularly in ligament healing.
Creative Biolabs: Advancing Cancer Drug Development With Exosome Expertise
Creative Biolabs stands out with its extensive experience, offering specialized expertise in exosome modification for precise cancer targeting and comprehensive services for constructing animal models mimicking tumor conditions.
Exosomes Containing miR-1469 Regulate Natural Killer Cells by Targeting CD122 in Non-Segmental Vitiligo
Background
Plasma exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) have been used as potential biomarkers for various diseases and have been investigated for their possible involvement in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. However, the miRNA expression profile of plasma exosomes in patients with non-segmental vitiligo (NSV) has not been determined yet.
Objective
To screen differentially expressed microRNAs in plasma exosomes derived from patients with NSV and explore their roles in the pathogenesis of NSV.
Methods
High-throughput sequencing was performed to determine the expression profiles of exosomal miRNAs in NSV. The effect of upregulated miR-1469 in NSV circulating exosomes on natural killer (NK) cells was further investigated using various molecular biological techniques.
Results
MiR-1469 was identified as a candidate biomarker whose expression was significantly increased in circulating exosomes of NSV patients. Circulating exosomes were internalized by NK cells and increased NK cell proliferation viability and IFN-γ secretion capacity delivering miR-1469. Further studies revealed that the upregulation of CD122, the predicted target of miR-1469, could partially reverse the effect of miR-1469 on natural killer cells.
Conclusion
Alterations in plasma exosomal cargo occur in NSV and appear to contribute to NK cell dysfunction. Exosomal miR-1469 may be a biomarker of disease activity and could be used as a therapeutic drug target against innate immunity in NSV patients. The present study provides new insights into the role of exosomal miRNAs in NSV and suggests a novel miR-1469-CD122-IFN-γ pathway of NK cell underlying pathogenesis of NSV.
BrainStorm Granted Patents For Allogeneic Exosome Platform-Product In Neurological Disorder Treatments
New York, NY /PRNewswire/ - Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics Inc. (NASDAQ: BCLI), a leading developer of adult stem cell therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases, today provided an update on the grant and allowance of three patent applications for NurOwn® and NurOwn-Exosomes.
The European Patent office granted patent No. 3105587 titled 'Method of Qualifying of Cells' for a method of qualifying whether a cell population is a suitable therapeutic for treating ALS. The patent also grants claims for an isolated population of mesenchymal stem cells for use in treating ALS.
The Australian patent Office granted patent No. 2019252987 titled 'Cell-Type Specific Exosomes and Use Thereof' for an isolated Exosomes population derived from MSC-NTF cells as well as a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
The Israel Patent Office announced the allowance of the same claims for application No. 277447 with an Acceptance date on December 01, 2023.
Cancer cells are not solitary assassins. They operate within a carefully constructed ecosystem, whispering secrets and manipulating their surroundings through a network of intricate communication. One of their most potent weapons in this arsenal is a fleet of miniature messengers called exosomes. These tiny bubbles, barely larger than a virus, carry a wealth of information – proteins, RNA, and even DNA – that can profoundly influence the behavior of distant cells, shaping the tumor microenvironment and fueling cancer’s insidious spread.