We have collected the most exciting new researches in the field of genetics and cellular research in the past week.
Comparison of the ability of exosomes and ectosomes derived from adipose-derived stromal cells to promote cartilage regeneration in a rat osteochondral defect model
Background
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) offer promising prospects for stimulating cartilage regeneration. The different formation mechanisms suggest that exosomes and ectosomes possess different biological functions. However, little attention has been paid to the differential effects of EV subsets on cartilage regeneration.
Methods
Our study compared the effects of the two EVs isolated from adipose-derived MSCs (ASCs) on chondrocytes and bone marrow–derived MSCs (BMSCs) in vitro. Additionally, we loaded the two EVs into type I collagen hydrogels to optimize their application for the treatment of osteochondral defects in vivo.
Results
In vitro experiments demonstrate that ASC-derived exosomes (ASC-Exos) significantly promoted the proliferation and migration of both cells more effectively than ASC-derived ectosomes (ASC-Ectos). Furthermore, ASC-Exos facilitated a stronger differentiation of BMSCs into chondrogenic cells than ASC-Ectos, but both inhibited chondrocyte apoptosis to a similar extent. In the osteochondral defect model of rats, ASC-Exos promoted cartilage regeneration in situ better than ASC-Ectos. At 8 weeks, the hydrogel containing exosomes group (Gel + Exo group) had higher macroscopic and histological scores, a higher value of trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV), a lower value of trabecular thickness (Tb.Sp), and a better remodeling of extracellular matrix than the hydrogel containing ectosomes group (Gel + Ecto group). At 4 and 8 weeks, the expression of CD206 and Arginase-1 in the Gel + Exo group was significantly higher than that in the Gel + Ecto group.
Conclusion
Our findings indicate that administering ASC-Exos may be a more effective EV strategy for cartilage regeneration than the administration of ASC-Ectos.
Clinical applications of stem cell-derived exosomes
Although stem cell-based therapy has demonstrated considerable potential to manage certain diseases more successfully than conventional surgery, it nevertheless comes with inescapable drawbacks that might limit its clinical translation. Compared to stem cells, stem cell-derived exosomes possess numerous advantages, such as non-immunogenicity, non-infusion toxicity, easy access, effortless preservation, and freedom from tumorigenic potential and ethical issues. Exosomes can inherit similar therapeutic effects from their parental cells such as embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells through vertical delivery of their pluripotency or multipotency.
Europe EV-Based Liquid Biopsy Market Report 2023-2032: Abundance and Remarkable Stability of Exosomes Compared to CfDNA or CTCs Driving Developments
The Europe EV-based liquid biopsy market was valued at $18.88 million in 2022 and is anticipated to reach $115.34 million by 2032, witnessing a CAGR of 20.30% during the forecast period 2023-2032.
The Europe EV-based liquid biopsy market is expected to be driven by ongoing technological advancements, increasing adoption by healthcare providers, and a growing focus on personalized medicine.The use of EV-based liquid biopsy, that offers many advantages over conventional biopsy techniques, has transformed the diagnosis and monitoring of disease. The field of healthcare diagnostics has been revolutionized by its non-invasiveness, real-time monitoring capabilities, and potential for early disease diagnosis.
CD73: A Team Player Caught in the “AKT” of Wound Healing & Cell Survival via MSC Exosomes?
Imagine the 2004 USA Soccer Team without Mia Hamm. Certainly, there would have been excellence, but a gold medal? Maybe not? Now imagine Hamm taking on eleven players of Team Brazil, completely solo. Absurd! In a similar way, bioscientists often like to ponder, hypothesize, and then test whether a key variable is “sufficient” and/or “necessary” for an impactful result.