We have collected the most exciting new researches in the field of genetics and cellular research in the past week.
Functional enhancement of exosomes derived from NK cells by IL
15 and IL-21 synergy against hepatocellular carcinoma cells: The cytotoxicity and apoptosis in vitro study
Abstract
Exosomes are released by various cells, including natural killer (NK) cells and transport signaling molecules for the intercellular communication. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), also known as primary liver cancer, is often inoperable and difficult to accurate diagnosis. Notably, the prognosis and underlying mechanisms of HCC are not fully understood. Exosomes-derived NK cells (NK-exos) express unique cytotoxic proteins with a killing ability in tumors and can easily penetrate tumor tissues to improve their targeting ability. NK cell functions, inducing cellular cytotoxicity are modulated by cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-15 and IL-21. However, the mechanisms and effects of cytokines-stimulated NK-exos for the treatment of liver cancer, including HCC, are not well known. In this study, we aimed to investigate the synergistic anti-tumor effects of NK-exos stimulated with IL-15 and IL-21 (NK-exosIL−15/21) in Hep3B cells. Our findings revealed that NK-exosIL−15/21 expressed cytotoxic proteins (perforin and granzyme B) and contained typical exosome markers (CD9 and CD63) within the size range of 100–150 nm. Moreover, we demonstrated that NK-exosIL−15/21 induced the enhancement of cytotoxicity and apoptotic activity in Hep3B cells by activating the specific pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax, cleaved caspase 3, cleaved PARP, perforin, and granzyme B) and inhibiting the anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2). In summary, our results suggest that NK-exosIL−15/21 regulate strong anti-tumor effects of HCC cells, by increasing the cytotoxicity and apoptosis through the activation of specific cytotoxic molecules.
Three-dimensional culture methods and cell types for exosome production
Cell-based therapies have been used as promising treatments for several untreatable diseases. However, cell-based therapies have side effects such as tumorigenesis and immune responses. To overcome these side effects, therapeutic effects of exosomes have been researched as replacements for cell-based therapies. In addition, exosomes reduced the risk that can be induced by cell-based therapies. Exosomes contain biomolecules such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids that play an essential role in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions during biological processes.
Therapeutic Signature of Stem Cell Derivative Exosomes in Oral Cancer: A Scoping Review
Abstract
Oral cancer poses a serious health challenge to the nations worldwide. India, among all the nations reported, has the largest number of oral cancer cases, which accounts for one-third of the entire population of oral cancer globally. As oral cancer is well-known for delayed diagnosis until an advanced stage, poor outcomes, and a lack of specific biomarkers for the disease and high-budget therapeutic alternatives.
Stem cell derivative exosomes gained significant attention as therapeutic agents and diagnostic biomarkers in cancer biology. It's a type of extracellular vesicle, which are lipid-bilayer-enclosed vesicles of endosomal origin. They are nanosized membrane vesicles that are capable of self-renewal, unlimited proliferation, and multi-directional differential potential. Thus, they act salient in the occurrence and development of tumors. Exosomal micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are functionally related to the advancement of cancer, metastasis, and the aggressive nature of tumors with high recurrence rates.
It has also been highlighted that exosomes have the potential to serve as diagnostic markers. A quick, easy, high-clarity, and confined rehabilitation method is the basic specification for large-scale usage of exosomes. The constitution of the composite transporters of exosomes is easily available by sampling biological fluids (liquid biopsies) from samples such as saliva. A liquid biopsy based on exosomes focuses on their probable usage in cancer patients' diagnosis and the determination of the outcome or course of the disease.
This review explores the therapeutic prospect of stem cell-derived exosomes as intending to offer new ideas for clinical management and institute a new era of therapeutic agents for oral cancer.
Championing Compliance with current Good Manufacturing Practices Is Essential For Pharmaceutical Grade Exosomes
Supreme Rejuvenation, is revolutionizing patient care with pharmaceutical grade exosomes. With a firm commitment to compliance, quality, and patient safety.
HOUSTON, TEXAS, USA, June 5, 2023/EINPresswire.com/ -- Supreme Rejuvenation, a leading provider of regenerative medicine solutions, is revolutionizing patient care with the use of pharmaceutical grade exosomes. With a firm commitment to compliance, quality, and patient safety, Supreme Rejuvenation emphasizes the significance of understanding the distinctions between 361 and 351a compliance, cGMP standards, third-party virology reports, and the classification of Wharton's jelly as a drug.