We have collected the most exciting new researches in the field of genetics and cellular research in the past week.
Dysfunctional exosomes involved in chronic inflammation in diabetic wounds
Abstract
Tiny signaling particles called exosomes isolated from the chronic wounds of people with diabetes were dysfunctional and promoted inflammation.
Restoring functional exosomes may be a strategy to resolve chronic inflammation and help wounds in people with diabetes to heal.
Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells primed with disease-condition-serum improved therapeutic efficacy in a mouse rheumatoid arthritis model via enhanced TGF-β1 production
Abstract
Backgrounds
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic and systemic autoimmune disease characterized by synovial inflammation-mediated progressive destruction of the cartilage and bone, resulting in reduced quality of life. We primed human telomerase reverse transcriptase-overexpressing immortalized human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iMSCs) with serum derived from a non-human primate RA model and studied the immunomodulatory ability of exosomes obtained from primed iMSCs.
Methods
After immunophenotyping, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and in vitro functional tests, Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline (dPBS, Group C), exosomes derived from the supernatant of iMSCs (Exo-FBS, Group E), exosomes derived from the supernatant of iMSCs primed with RA serum (Exo-RA, Group F), and methotrexate (Group M) were administered in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model mice. dPBS was administered to the normal (N) group for comparison (n = 10/group).
Results
Exo-RA had a significantly higher number of exosomes compared to Exo-FBS when measured with nanoparticle tracking analysis or exosome marker CD81, and Transforming growth factor-β1 amounts were significantly higher in Exo-RA than in Exo-FBS. When Exo-FBS or Exo-RA was administered to the collagen-induced arthritis model, serum interleukin (IL)-4 and the proportion of Th2 (CD4+CD25+GATA3+) and M2 (CD11c − CD206+ of CD45+CD64+) cells were significantly increased compared to the control group. Furthermore, Exo-RA could alleviate cartilage damage by significantly lowering the concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, keratinocyte chemoattractant, and IL-12p70.
Conclusion
Exosomes derived from disease-condition-serum-primed iMSCs ameliorated cartilage damage in a RA model by enhancing TGF-β1 production, inducing Th2 and M2 polarization and lowering proinflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, KC, and IL-12p70 in the host. Patient-derived serum can be used as an iMSC priming strategy in iMSC-derived exosome treatment of RA.
Exosome Therapy for Hair Loss and Aesthetics: What to Expect?
Abstract The search for the most effective therapy to reverse hair loss and rejuvenate the skin is still underway. One popular fad after another hits the market before a definitive conclusion can be made about whether that therapy is worth the hype. The fact that exosome therapy has been in the talks for delivering impressive hair growth with no reported adverse events makes this therapy an attractive avenue to explore. Let's see the science behind it and whether it is worthwhile for you to venture into.